Andrew Jackson Indian Removal Act Essay - 1018 Words

Andrew Jackson was a General in The United States army, and the 7th president, throughout his presidency he experienced many struggles with the Native Americans like wars and land disputes. In the 1830s he wanted to end these conflicts so he put in place the Indian Removal Act of 1830. I believe Andrew Jackson rightly and correctly removed the Indians. Even though many Indians died along the way Jackson had a reason behind what he did and should not be to blamed for their deaths. One of Andrew Jackson’s reason behind the Indian Removal Act was so that the United States could achieve their goal of Manifest Destiny, which is the belief Americans had that God meant for their country to be expanded from east to west coast.†¦show more content†¦This was called the Treaty of Doaksville. Though the Chickasaws went without problems, the Seminole Indians did not. The Seminole tribe, which was originated in the Everglades area in Florida, did not want to leave, they staye d in their home and fought for their land. In 1835, after the Indian Removal Act was passed, the Seminoles started the Second Seminole War with the United States army. The battle went on until 1842 and ended with only a couple of hundred of Seminoles left. At this time the United States army said the Seminoles could stay. So even though they lost, it was still a moral victory for the tribe. (Mahone 1998) The Cherokee Indians on the other hand faced conflicts that were not like any of the above Indian tribes. They were the last tribe to fight for their land which was in the Appalachian Mountains. The Cherokees were basically became their own country. They had a developed Republican Government, and their own Constitution. They had many conflicts with America though. For example, they had the same land claimed as Georgia causing a big problem that ended up in the Supreme Court. In this case the judges could not decide who had claim of the disputed land. After this, Andrew Jackson persuaded a small group of the Cherokees to sign the Treaty of New Echota. This allowed the American Government ownership to the Cherokee territory, in return America gave them new land west of the Mississippi RiverShow MoreRelatedThe Indian Removal Act and Andrew Jackson Essay588 Words   |  3 PagesShort Term Essay The Indian Removal Act, inspired by Andrew Jackson; the 7th president of the US and the enhanced ambition for American settlers to find more land in the southwestern regions of North America. The Indian Removal Act enabled Jackson the power of negotiating removal treaties with Indian tribes east of the Mississippi. Among these tribes were: Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaws and Seminoles. Very few authenticated traits were signed. The Choctaws were the only tribe to agree withoutRead MoreLewis Cass And Andrew Jacksons The Cherokee Removal Act784 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cherokee Removal Act is believed to have been causation of prolonged engagement between the settlers of Georgia, Alabama, and parts of North and South Carolina up until 1836, when Andrew Jackson officially signed it into law. Andrew Jackson had a lot to say about the need for removal of natives and two main reasons why it has been such a lengthy procedure. Another man who also had something to say about the matter at hand was Lewis Cass who was Governor of the Michigan Territory from 1816-1831Read More Jacksonian Era: The Removal Policy Essay1177 Words   |  5 PagesAndrew Jackson, who was the 7th President of the United States, signed the Indian Removal Act in May 28th, 1832 and this policy granted Andrew Jackson the right to forcibly move the Native Americans to land west of the Mississippi. Even though â€Å"it is presumed that any explanation of Jackson’s purposes is an attempt to justify the mass killing of innocent people†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Remini, 45) some would say his childhood affected him; seeing and hearing Indians Attacking places near his home. Or how he was the secondRead MoreThe Political Issues Of The Indian Removal Act Of 18301154 Words   |  5 PagesThe Political Issues of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 Former President Andrew Jackson was responsible for putting the Indian Removal Act of 1830 in place. It forcibly removed five civilized Native American tribes— Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole—from the southern United States. The act would stay in effect until the end of the Second Seminole War in 1842. Native Americans’ feelings toward the United States government have changed from one of annoyance to disgust since being takenRead MoreThe Andrew Jackson s War On Against The U.s. Bank848 Words   |  4 PagesThe Purpose of this essay is to discuss the Andrew Jackson Administration. I will first talk about Jackson’s war on against the U.S. Bank. Second, I will talk about the Presidential election of 1824, 1828, and 1832. Third, I will talk about the Indian Removal Act as well as the Trail of Tears. Fourth, the ways in which Jackson expanded the power of the president. Fifth and final, the Nullification Crisis of 1832. The Bank of the United States was technically the second bank of the U.S. since theRead MoreAndrew Jackson And The Indian Removal Act Of Native Americans778 Words   |  4 PagesTyler Roush American Literature I Professor Wallace 06/29/17 Major Essay #2 The Cherokee Indians are one of the most well-known American Indian tribes here in the U.S. However, once the Europeans came to the new world and started to expand their territory, this did not bode well for them. Many tribes were enraged by the expansion into Native American lands. Even when the Europeans had promised that they would not encroach onto their lands. Gold was said to be on the lands of the Cherokee andRead MoreThe Removal Act Essay : Should We Act With Violence Or Just Have A Civil Conversation?1327 Words   |  6 PagesIRA DBE Indians Removal Act Essay Should we act with violence or just have a civil conversation? Do we rely on trust for the sake of ourselves and others or do we see the face of death every time we turn our backs on people with such uncertainty? The indians was one of the most horrific acts of history. The act/law was passed on May 28th, 1830 during the presidency of the 7th president of the United States, Andrew Jackson. Andrew Jackson came up with law that forced Indian Tribes such as theRead MoreThe Accomplishments Of The Presidents1145 Words   |  5 PagesOctober 2014 Historical Essay Three The presidents has always played a crucial role in American politics and are known for their roles in unifying the nation. They are glorified for their charisma and ability to lead, but even these brilliant men have lapses in their judgement. Andrew Jackson, who was president from 1829-1837, was a president of many firsts as he was the first frontier president, first to have a â€Å"kitchen cabinet†, and first to use a pocket veto. Jackson was later succeeded by hisRead MoreSouthern Expansion And Its Impact On The United States Essay1477 Words   |  6 Pagesand 1860. Examining southern history for these years shows how slave-grown cotton played a major factor in southern expansion, specifically through the issues of the Louisiana Purchase, soil erosion, the desires of yeoman farmers and planters, Indian removal, the interstate slave trade, the independence movement in Texas, the Mexican War, filibusters in Central America, and especially concerning relations between the sou thern and northern states. However, southern history shows us that while the growthRead MoreWas Andrew Jackson Democratic Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesHow democratic was Andrew Jackson? Andrew Jackson was more democratic than not, due to his full support of the lower classes, his desire for new voting laws, and his veto of the banks. Although he was democratic in those ways, he also showed non-democratic qualities in his time in office, including events like the Native American Removal. Since he showed both qualities of a democrat, and a non-democrat, it is not easy to argue a certain side. Andrew Jackson himself, was once a man of the lower

Alcoholism A Family Affair Essay example - 873 Words

Growing up is a mandatory part of life. There are situations and circumstances that shape one’s future and impact one’s life. These events can be either positive or negative. One event that has a negative impact on a person’s life is alcoholism. It changes the very essence of the family. When one parent in a family is an alcoholic, counseling for the entire family is necessary because it provides understanding of the disease process, acceptance of the need for help, a chance to express emotions, and unification of the family. Overall, it focuses on putting the family back together as a unit. Before the family can begin to come together, it is important to understand what is tearing it apart. Doing this means understanding†¦show more content†¦In essence, the substance abuser must realize that their continued overuse of alcohol is directly related to â€Å"the familys progression along a continuum from stability to a loss of control over events relevant to the family, employment, child care, and general family functioning† (Van Wormer, 2008, p. 203). The level of help or counseling that is received is dependent upon the effects of the alcoholism. For families that have undergone domestic violence or physical abuse, then behavior’s couple therapy (BCT) may be an appropriate first step. According to Cunion, Noble and Ripley (2006), â€Å"the goals of BCT are to facilitate motivation to change drinking behaviors, to enhance self-efficacy for both the alcoholic mate and their spouse regarding their ability to change maladaptive behaviors, to incr ease positive reinforcement for abstinence, and to teach new cognitive and behavioral coping skills in the maintenance of treatment gains† (p. 177). Add to this therapy, the Alcohol Behavioral Couples Therapy (ABCT) approach, in which the spouse participates in all levels of treatment that include high-risk situations and coping mechanisms (Cunion, Noble and Ripley, 2006). Another approach to family therapy is family relationships are the focus as a result of deep-rooted drinking (Cunion, Noble and Ripley, 2006). Regardless of the type of therapy that is used, it provides the participants with a chance to acknowledge,Show MoreRelatedYou Can t Spell Alcoholic Without846 Words   |  4 Pageshis family. While the contents of Carver’s gloomy tale are revealed, we are enlightened to the effect of just how far Al has lost control of his life. He is so far gone that he is practically blinded by his depression and alcoholic dependencies, which brings his judgment into question as his life starts to spiral out of control. The main conflict of this short tale is made clear when Al decides that the only way to establish order in his life is to relinquish the responsibilities of the family dogRead More Alcohol Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is alcoholism? 2. How do people become alcoholics? 3. What are the effects of alcoholism, on both the alcoholic and their family? 4. How do you diagnose alcoholism? 5. Is there a cure for alcoholics? 6. What is the treatment? What is Alcoholism? Alcohol ism can be defined as the dependency on alcohol; addiction to alcohol. It is a chronic disease, this disease called alcoholism is progressive and potentially fatal. â€Å" In 1966 the American Medical Association (AMA) declared Alcoholism a diseaseRead MoreAlcoholism : A Silent Killer1624 Words   |  7 Pageshome for me. Alcoholism is a silent killer in today’s society. Research proves that alcoholism effects the whole family from the inside out. Alcoholism within a family recreates unhealthy family roles in order to help adapt to living with an alcoholic. The alcoholic becomes the focal point in a family; which causes lasting effects. Alcoholism is a disease that destroy families when they are not appropriately addressed. This paper focuses on three points; 1) alcoholism recreates family roles, 2) TheRead MoreSocial Problems Of Alcoholism, Drug Addiction, And Mental Illness818 Words   |  4 Pagespresentations I believed to be the most intriguing were on the social prob lems of alcoholism, drug addiction, and mental illness. The first presentation was focused on how alcoholism can affect someones health, relationships, and lifestyle. S.C. interviewed a older women named Emily who had been affected by alcoholism through her family. Emily’s dad and two brothers were considered alcoholics. S.C. described that alcoholism may start at an early age and leads to psychological and physical dependenceRead MoreKatherine Moran. Health Psychology Research Review. May1197 Words   |  5 Pagesfunctions and the brain. Neuropsychology Review, 17(3), 239-257. PURPOSE: The purpose of this review article was to summarize the current research on the neurological effects of alcoholism on the frontal lobes, limbic system, and cerebellum in particular. The authors also examined factors including age, gender, health, and family history and how those might contribute to the effects observed in alcoholic patients. The review included studies done on current drinkers, both short- and long-term users, asRead MoreTeen Alcoholism Is Driven By Example1150 Words   |  5 PagesTeen Alcoholism is driven by example. a teen sees someone else drinking, for whatever reason, and they imitate them to either save he or she’s pride and be â€Å"cool† or use is as e remedy to try to feel better about a situation they are in or to numb an unpleasant emotion they do not know how to deal with. affects the physical state of a young person, but also one’s current situations and relationships, and the outcome of he or she’s futures. â€Å"People who begin drinking before age 15 are four timesRead MoreAn Analysis of Eberstadts Article Drunken Nation: Russias Depopulation Bomb664 Words   |  3 Pagesbombards the reader with a multitude of statistics to arrive at the conclusion that a culture shift and an inordinate amount of alcohol consumption are the main causes of Russias population declination (Eberstadt, 2009). Unfortunately, the makeup of the family in Russia has shifted from mom, dad, and several children to mom, one or two children, and maybe a dad (Eberstadt, 2009). Also troubling is the fact that an extremely high proportion of marriages now end in divorce (Eberstadt, 2009). According toRead MoreAlanon Family Groups976 Words   |  4 PagesBrenda Smith Dr. Donna Goodwin Speech Communication I 29 February 2012 Al-Anon Family Groups There are 12 million alcoholics in the United States. That means that 40 to 50 million friends and family members also suffer from alcoholism and its affects. The help for alcoholics is Alcoholics Anonymous and the help for the non-alcoholic is the Al-Anon recovery program. I am here tonight to tell you about the Al-Anon recovery process. It is a free, 100% guaranteed life changing program thatRead MoreAlcoholism Is A Major Issue1413 Words   |  6 PagesAlcoholism is a major issue in the United States and has been for many years. It destroys lives drink by drink. â€Å"It is estimated that between 18 million -- or one in 12 adults -- in the U.S. abuse alcohol or are chronic alcoholics. Nearly 100,000 Americans die each year as a result of alcohol abuse, and alcohol is a factor in more than half of the country s homicides, suicides, and traffic accident (Understanding Alcohol Abuse -- the basics).† Alcoholism is caused by genetic, physical, psychologicalRead MoreSubstance Abuse Affects An Estimated 25 Million Americans895 Words   |  4 Pagesabusing the substance, as well as others that are indirectly affected by the substance abuse, such as: friends and family of the abuser as well as people injured or killed in accidents related to substanc e abuse impairment. There are 16 million adults that are considered alcoholics (heavy drinkers) and almost 300,000 people under the age 18 (Mental Health America, 2015). Alcoholism relapses are common. After completing a treatment program more than 60% of alcoholics drink within the first 90 days

Balanced Scorecard Development Free Essays

string(86) " related trying to show one as the causation of one another; simply to reach targets\." Abstract The balanced scorecard was introduced in 1992 as a performance measurement tool and has developed now to form a strategic management system. This paper uses eight articles, identified in Figure 1 along with extra materials to track and analyse developments in the design and implementation. The paper shows examples of the scorecard in practice and concludes that developments have been beneficial overall. We will write a custom essay sample on Balanced Scorecard Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now It also highlights problems encountered along the way and further areas for improvement. For years managers have used financial measures to monitor performance however a study carried out in 1990 led to the development of the first generation balanced scorecard (BSC); a strategic planning and management system. By including financial and operational measures,it solved the issue that managers were beginning to reject financial measures during the 1980s and 1990s (Letza, 1996). The BSC originated analysing four perspectives; customer, internal, learning and financial,with focus driven by four questions shown in Figure 2. The BSC encouraged managers to focus on few critical measures to prevent complexity and information overload, however ensured several areas were looked at simultaneously as organisations became more complex (Kaplan Norton, 1992). Choice around the measures allows adaptability and flexibility when using the model. This is vital in order to keep up with global competition and the ever changing environment. Companies must acknowledge this flexibility and as their strategy changes, so must the measures to stay in line with overall aims. The introduction of the BSC coincided with the recession in the 1980’s and 1990’s. Therefore companies will have been more enthusiastic about performance measurement and seen this as a good way to track progress towards strategy, growth and profit. Today, 20 years on, the core perspectives have stayed with the individual measures being adapted and perspectives added depending on the company’s strategic goals. The BSC has evolved from a performance measurement tool enforced by few, to a strategic management tool used worldwide; with the main developments being ‘driven primarily by observed weaknesses in the design process rather than in the architecture of the original idea’ (CobboldLawrie, 2002). Financial measures were satisfactory for the industrial era however adapting to change in skills and competencies allowed the scorecard to produce ‘richer and more relevant information about activities they are managing than is provided by financial measures alone’ (CobboldLawrie, 2002). No individual measure produces adequate information to plan. When planning a journey, the objective is to get from one point to another with lots of dials producing information on the likelihood of succeeding. The fuel gage alone doesn’t set the scene however collectively the measures allow a judgements and decisions to be made. For example, to increase the likelihood of success you may add more oil or fuel. In business with the objective to boost sales you may increase quality and therefore sales. Introducing operational measures to performance measurement, allows these factors be monitored as the drivers of future financial performance. As the number of measures is limited, companies must identify the factors that are key performance drivers in order to achieve successful implementation. With the first generation scorecard, very little was known about the implementation of the BSC. This meant companies were not gaining the full effects of improved performance. ‘What you measure is what you get’ (Kaplan ;Norton, 1992). Therefore if you measure things that have no influence, directly or indirectly to profitability and growth then it will be impossible to improve. Hence the measures must be in line with a company’s strategic objectives. Kaplan and Nortonintroduced the four processes for managing strategy shown in Figure 3 to emphasise the need for the BSC to be linked to strategy, but there was no clarity to the importance and effect of this. Many would have good measures in place such as customer satisfaction but would not analyse this further to improve profitability, therefore a wasted opportunity as there was no real vision of making it happen. The design however, was taken on successfully by many companies as it brought everything together in one clear report. Words were kept minimal and visual aids were used to represent and explain measures. This proved effective as few words paint huge pictures, and people are designed to accept pictures and often remember these better. The BSC also looks at the whole organisation as opposed to separate departments therefore bringing all silos together. Many organisations have individual cultures within each silo and therefore departments are often driven towards targets at departmental level as opposed to overall corporate objectives. Therefore it is crucial that all measures are monitored to ensure that the targets are met through the right objectives, and not at the expense of another. For example the production department may increase productivity leading to more sales and potentially higher profits however the quality may slack causing customer satisfaction to fall. This could cause reputational damage leading customers to go to competitors who offer higher quality. The second generation scorecard expanded on this highlighting filtering and clustering as areas of concern. This took the BSC from the measurement system to an integrated management system while still focussing on strategy and performance drivers. Often this involved relating measures to key performance indicators. The second generation scorecard introduced strategic objectives and developed causality further. This development addressed the issue of an ‘inability to link a company’s long-term strategy with its short term actions’ (Kaplan ; Norton, 1996). Adding phrases to the four perspectivesallowed companies to select measures around their strategic vision. This selection method provided more thoroughness and made implementation clearer and more defined. Causality was included in the first generation scorecard with the four statements shown in Figure 4 but the second generation developed this by indicating relationships between the measures across the perspectives shown in Figure 5; as opposed to just vague links between the perspectives. This increased the urge to ‘prove’ links (Kaplan ; Norton, 1996). This could have been bad for companies as employees may have tried to link movements in the performance measures that weren’t related trying to show one as the causation of one another; simply to reach targets. You read "Balanced Scorecard Development" in category "Essay examples" This would be more common when financial rewards were linked to performance. Even with this is mind, the linkage model became an important part of the BSC design. Introduction of software reporting systems improved managers’ ability to react with fast diagnosis and quick interventions when problems occurred. The early software provided by AT;T, and later by companies including IBM; used email and diary programs to fasten this process. Software caused confusion as many believed it would enable design and implementation of the BSC. However, it is performance management software to use after implementation to ensure performance information gets ‘to the right people at the right time’ (Balanced Scorecard Institute, 2013). As it allowed data to be stored, objectives could be allocated to owners and measures to objectives; allowing managers to make historical comparisons to measure performance accurately over time. It also helped communicate the information effectively and enforced more control and organisation. Some packages allow performance to be measured and tracked at departmental level, project level or the organisation as a whole. This only works if there is strategic alignment throughout the hierarchy. Organisations can then narrow down the specific areas that are underperforming in order to increase focus to improve or divest that part. Although the software has many benefits some find it ‘difficult to adapt to the needs of a growing and dynamic company’ (IBM, 2013). Hence, many prefer to use self-developed software however it sometimes lacks required functions and solutions to the cause and effect; as the specialist skills are not there to develop the program. Difficulties still arose in selecting relevant measures and target setting due to conflicting thoughts amongst management. There was also difficulty communicating the linkage model to lower level staff if they did not already have knowledge of the model. This could cause problems when trying to motivate teams as there will be different interpretations of aims and targets; therefore employees working towards different goals. The late 1990’s saw the third generation and the development of the destination statement (Figure 6) in order to achieve clarification through checking the measures, objectives and targets selected. The destination statement is a form of ‘what if’ analysis that brought the tool closer to company strategy, it’s management and implementation. By estimating quantified amounts of consequences and achievementsfor a set future period; companies could easily compare actual achievements to targets and benchmark against others externally, in the case it was to stick with objectives from the linkage model. For example the destination statement would predict a rate of customer satisfaction for 3 years that you could check back against annually. This will identify under achievements, perhaps where you can enhance quality to boost satisfaction; and over achievements where you can identify what successful policies to keep. Management teams could easily relate to the statement to communicate down the hierarchy in order to gain a single interpretation, as it did not include looking at complex strategic objectives. Therefore a reversal of design as it was seen as an early stage in the process, as opposed to the final,making selection of measures and ausality easier. Companies have proven success without financial measures. Svenska Handelsbanken, while not disclosing use of the BSC; have gone over thirty years with ‘no budgets, no absolute targets, and no fixed plans’ but with specific performance measures in place (Daum, 2001). More recently, in 2003 a new CEO adopted the BSC for Lloyds TSB in order to ‘show employees how their actions impact their colleagues and customers and how this, in turn, translates into our overall performance’ (Lloyds TSB, 2013). This linked objectives of 80,000 employees, emphasizing the advantage of aligning the whole organisation. By involving employees at every level in some aspect of the process generates ‘acceptance of and commitment to the concept’ (Ward, 2005). Implementation proved successful to drive the company towards growth and away from being sales and cost driven, which had caused them to lose their strong market position. ‘The cause and effect chain of events’ was critical for them to see that would drive the revenue up as opposed to just a target of increased sales (Ward, 2005). As Lloyds are large and have overseas staff they could have faced technical and strategic challenges including cultural conflict and difficulties selecting measures. Companies with a diverse workforce should ensure they measure things that can be influenced and changed by employees. Lloyds also highlighted the point that implementation takes time and resources to ensure thoroughness. A tight deadline imposed ‘danger of completing the task while missing the goal’ (Ward, 2005). They recognized the importance employees understanding the concept before implementation so brought in a BSC specialist, who had worked closely with Kaplan and Norton to run seminars and lectures; in order to reduce this danger. Not only do employees need to understand the concept and accept the process; they should include feedback including how many employees see it as motivational and effective. If employees do not enjoy what they are doing they will be inclined to only meet targets and not excel further. The strong focus of the scorecard encourages companies to focus on what they really need to measure as opposed to what is easy to measure; resulting in all decisions being made around the strategy. The BSC changed the way people looked at performance measurement. Previously it was seen as a method to ontrol employees but the tool encourages targets in order for employees to work towards. The idea was that employees would adapt their behaviour accordingly to reach goals; hence giving them more freedom, motivation and involvement in the process. However, some may argue that the focus has shifted too far towards operational matters that there is not financial involvement. Adaptability should allow those com panies to change to their needs. The BSC will vary for each company depending on how dynamic the industry is and what the individual aims and strategy include. Lloyds TSB added a fifth perspective as they felt it was a key driver to the company’s strategic direction. Although there are BSC failures, the advances in the design have allowed more successful implementations over the years. There is now more knowledge and literature available because more companies have adopted this management tool; but more importantly there are significant successes documented for teams to learn from. With corporate social responsibility being so highly regarded nowadays due to greater awareness and regulation, modern scorecards have seen a fifth sub-perspective introduced; environment/external. This shows the broader impact on society than is indicated through the customer perspective; hence giving more in-depth analysis. As long as the process is carefully planned, communicated and regularly monitored it should prove successful however there is always room for improvement with the uncertainty in the ever changing environment. The scorecard, instead of providing single destination outcomes could include risk and probabilities related to various possible outcomes. In conclusion, the economic environment is only going to become more dynamic but the last twenty years has proven that continuous developments should ensure the BSC is kept up to date in order to stay a useful management tool. Figure 1 – Main Articles Used Author| Title| Daum. J| Beyond Budgeting: A Model for Performance Management and Controlling in the 21st Century? | Cobbold. I ; Lawrie. G| The Development of the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Management tool| Kaplan. R ; Norton. D| The balanced scorecard – measures that drive performance| Kaplan. R ; Norton. D| Transforming the Balanced Scorecard from Performance Measurement to Strategic Management: Part 1| Kaplan. R ; Norton. D| Using the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system| Letza. S| The design and implementation of the balanced business scorecard| Schneiderman. A| Why Balanced Scorecards Fail| Ward. A| Implementing the Balanced Scorecard at Lloyds TSB| * Full references for the articles are shown in the reference list at the end of this paper* Figure 2 – Four Perspectives for Balanced Scorecard Perspective| Why? | Customer| â€Å"To achieve our vision, how should we appear to our customers? | Internal Business Process| â€Å"To satisfy our shareholders and customers, what business processes must we excel at? â€Å"| Learning and Growth| â€Å"To achieve our vision, how will we sustain our ability to change and improve? â€Å"| Financial| â€Å"To succeed financially, how should we appear to our shareholders? â€Å"| Figure 3 – The Balanced Scorecar d Process Adapted from – Kaplan, R. S. and Norton, D. P. , Using the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system, Harvard Business Review, January-February 1996, 75-85. Available from: http://scholar. google. co. uk [Accessed 23 February 2013] Figure 4 – First Generation Balanced Scorecard Source – Antunes. G et al. , Process improvement measures in social area organisations: A study in institutions for elderly: survey results, The TQM Journal. Available from: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed 15 February 2013] Figure 5 – Second Generation Balanced Scorecard/Linkage Model Source – Cobbold, I. C. and Lawrie, G. J. G. , 2002. The Development of the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Management tool, 2GC Website. Available from: http://www. 2gc. co. uk [Accessed 19 February 2013] Figure 6 – Third Generation Balance Scorecard/Destination Statement Andersen. H. , Effective quality management through third-generation balanced scorecard, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Available from: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed 21 February 2013] References Andersen. H. , Effective quality management through third-generation balanced scorecard, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Available from: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed 21 February 2013] Antunes. G et al. , Process improvement measures in social area organisations: A study in institutions for elderly: survey results, The TQM Journal. Available from: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed 15 February 2013] Balanced Scorecard Institue, 2013. The Balanced Scorecard Technology: Strategic Performance Management Automation. U. S. Balanced Scorecard Institute. Available from: http://www. bala ncedscorecard. org/software/balancedscorecardsoftware/tabid/61/default. aspx Balanced Scorecard Institue, 2013. What is the Balanced Scorecard. U. S. Balanced Scorecard Institute. Available from: http://www. balancedscorecard. org/bscresources/aboutthebalancedscorecard/ tabid/55/default. aspx Cobbold, I. C. and Lawrie, G. J. G. , 2002. The Development of the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Management tool, 2GC Website. Available from: http://www. 2gc. co. uk [Accessed 19 February 2013] Daum, J. H. , Beyond Budgeting: A Model for Performance Management and Controlling in the 21st Century? , Controlling finance, July 2002. Available from: http://scholar. google. co. uk [Accessed 4 March 2013] Drury, C. , 2008. Management and Cost Accounting. 7th Edition. London: Cengage Learning. IBM, 2013. Balanced Scorecard Software. U. S. IBM. Available From: http://www-01. ibm. com/ software/analytics/cognos/balanced-scorecard-software. tml IBM, 2013. Innovation Center. U. S. IBM. Available From: http://www-01. ibm. com/software/ data/cognos/innovation-center/advisors. html Kaplan, R. S. and Norton, D. P. , The balanced scorecard – measures that drive performance, Harvard Business Review, January-February 1992, 71-79. Available from: http://scholar. google. co. uk [Accessed 21 February 2013] Kaplan, R. S. and Norton, D. P. , Transforming the Balanced Scorecard from Performance Measurement to Strategic Management: Part 1, American Accounting Association Accounting Horizons, 15 (1), 75-85. Available from: http://scholar. google. co. k [Accessed 23 February 2013] Kaplan, R. S. and Norton, D. P. , Using the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system, Harvard Business Review, January-February 1996, 75-85. Available from: http://scholar. google. co. uk [Accessed 23 February 2013] Letza, S. , 1996. The design and implementation of the balanced business scorecard. Business Process Re-engineering Mangement Journal, 2(3), 54-76. Available from: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed 15 February 2013] Lloyds Banking Group plc, 2009. Annual Report 2008. United Kingdom: Lloyds Banking Group plc. Available from: http://www. lloydsbankinggroup. om/investors/financial_performance/ company_results. asp#2007 Lloyds Banking Group plc, 2013. Performance Management. United Kingdom. Lloyds Banking Group pl c. Available from: http://www. lloydstsb-annualreport. com/businessreview/our_people/ performance_management/ Schneiderman, A. M. , Why Balanced Scorecards Fail, Journal of Strategic Performance, January 1999, 6-11. Available from: http://scholar. google. co. uk [Accessed 6 March 2013] Ward, A. , Implementing the Balanced Scorecard at Lloyds TSB, Strategic HR Review, 4 (3), 16-19. Available from : http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed 28 February 2013] How to cite Balanced Scorecard Development, Essay examples

Monopoly Market Structure - Australian Banking Industry

Question: Discuss about theMonopoly Market Structure in Australia for Australian Banking Industry. Answer: Introduction: An oligopoly market structure is very usual in the context of Australian. Maximum service industry like banking, retail etc. follow the market structure of the oligopoly. The grocery retail sector in Australia is a core example of the duopoly, a narrowed version of oligopoly (Chung, 2015). Moreover, the banking sector of Australia is a proper example of an oligopoly. The main feature that the oligopoly market structure follows is, in this type of market few firm operate as a sole authority in a market (LaFrenz, 2014). In the case of monopoly, there is only one seller who rules the whole market and business as well. The monopolistic competition involves firm competing strongly among them in an industry. They do not allow any other organisation to enter the market. The Australian Post is a major example of monopoly market structure. Banking and Retail sectors are the key examples of monopoly market structure (Welch Welch, 2009). Apart from the banking industry, the retail industry in Australia faces very strong competition. The giant monopolistic retail companies named Coles and Woolworths have grabbed maximum market share in the industry. It is being very difficult for all other small and big organisation to sustain in the market. It is surveyed that, the banking industry of Australia is facing strong competition or oligopolistic war. Smith (2015), has informed that the existent incumbents in the banking industry are strictly prohibiting the other new entrants for the sector (Smith, 2015). Different Market Structures in Australia Firstly, in the case of the oligopolistic market, there are very few banks who operate in the banking industry of Australia such as Commonwealth bank of Australia, ANZ Bank, NAB Bank and Westpac (Gribbin, 2016). These firms are potential in nature and they always try to maximize the profit. In the maximum cases, the oligopolist firms become successful in acquiring abnormal profit. The retail industry of Australia is very particular. No other entrant in the industry is as potential as Coles or Woolworths to enter the market. Recently, some international companies like Aldi etc. tried to enter the market but failed to become successful (Jones, 2011). However, it is being tougher day by day to sustain in the banking industry. These four banks operate into the market and divide the profit share among them. During 2003-04, these four major banks together have fetched 400 million dollars by accomplishing a maximum of total assets, mutual funds etc. (Padley, 2013). Evidence claim that this competitive structure in the banking industry ultimately supports the growth factor of the industry and the country as well. Entering to the banking industry is bit difficult because huge capital investment is needed. Four major banks of Australia operate in a mutual manner and shareholders invest where they find that investing will be fruitful. Besides, in the case of the retail sector, people choose any one of two giant companies (Yeats, 2015). This perfect case of a duopoly in grocery retail sector in Australia actually harms the whole marketplace (Wall, 2014). The maximum population in Australia have been earning by running a small retail business. The presence of huge facilities of buying a different kind of goods under one roof attracts people. Instead of buying goods in a small bazar they prefer going in the supermarkets. (Kitney White, 2013). Both the banking sector and the retail sector concentrate more on these duopolist and oligopolist firms. This unfair competitiveness in this sector ultimately causes a deadweight loss in the Australian economy. This factor brings many negative aspects to the Australian economy (Wetzstein, 2013). In the case of monopoly, the Australian post is the most important example to consider. The postal service in Australia is so strong and active that no other entrant in the country can get the access to the market. The monopolist always acts as a price maker and rules the whole industry (Wetzstein, 2013). Monopoly business cannot be established on a long-term basis by a sole individual. Once upon a time, the Amul was the sole supplier of the butter in the world and tried keeping its position but after a certain period of time, few other organisations like Nestle etc. started selling butter. The market has shifted from monopoly to oligopoly. However, monopoly examples can randomly be seen in countries where the government plays the role of a monopolist (Crew Kleindorfer, 2012). The postal service of Australia is a governmental authority and a monopolist for the particular zone too. Water supply authority in Australia is another example of the monopoly in the country. The postal industry of Australia has been provided the authorisation of peddling letter post in the country. This authorisation was given by regulating an act in the year 1989 (Crew Kleindorfer, 2012). The government is playing as a monopolist in the postal industry because it has all the authorization to pass an act. Also, the service provided by this authority is very fast and impressive. It becomes possible because the government has successfully managed things systematically. Being a sole authority the government easily influences the price of this service. It is observed that during any occasion the price of posting a letter becomes higher. This price hike is not negligible and 43% is the rate (Crew Kleindorfer, 2012). It becomes tougher for a particular group of people to afford the price. Conclusion However, this form of economic competitions has both the positives and negative aspects. In the case of the oligopolistic competition in the banking industry, the result is bit supportive. Due to this competitiveness, these four banks have grabbed the whole market share and no other banks exist. So the option for this service is limited to the people. As a result, no fraudulence cases have occurred because these four banks are trustable. It lowers the possibility of occurrence of cheating and fraudulence activity. Money transaction from a well-known bank does not create any mess. While in the case of the retail sector, this oligopolistic competition harms the economy by carrying the deadweight loss. In the case of postal service of Australia, people over there enjoys very fast service. Besides, being a monopolistic entity, sometimes the authority charges a higher price which is not affordable for the citizens. Sometimes it creates difficulty for the people. Due to lack of options the people have to go for the existing opportunity. References Austrade Government, 2016. why Invest in Australia. [Online] Available at: https://www.austrade.gov.au/International/Invest/Why-Australia/Growth [Accessed 26 05 2016]. Chung, F., 2015. Supermarket monsters: How Coles and Woolworths suffocate us. [Online] Availableat:https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/supermarket-monsters-how-coles-and-woolworths-suffocate-us/news-story/c901feb4f6c255d3a6b613140cbea30c [Accessed 13 08 2016]. Crew, M. Kleindorfer, P., 2012. Managing change in the postal and delivery industries. UK: Springer Science Business Media. Gribbin, C., 2016. ANZ, NAB, Westpac, Commonwealth rule out passing ASIC levy increase on to customers. [Online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-21/one-of-big-four-banks-rules-out-passing-asic-levy-to-customers/7344092 [Accessed 13 08 2016]. Jones, E., 2011. Coles and Woolworths duopoly hard to swallow. The Conversation, pp. https://theconversation.com/coles-and-woolworths-duopoly-hard-to-swallow-533. Kitney, D. White, A., 2013. We are an oligopoly economy: Robb. [Online] Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/companies/we-are-an-oligopoly-economy-robb/story-fn91v9q3-1226699531519[Accessed 13 08 2016]. LaFrenz, C., 2014. The supermarket duopoly is starting to fray. [Online] Available at: https://www.afr.com/personal-finance/shares/the-supermarket-duopoly-is-starting-to-fray-20141114-11n8m4[Accessed 13 08 2016]. Padley, M., 2013. Oligopolies as safe as money in the banks. [Online] Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/money/investing/oligopolies-as-safe-as-money-in-the-banks-20130916-2tvlk.html[Accessed 13 08 2016]. Smith, M., 2015. The death of the oligopoly: Australia's incumbents face new rivals. [Online] Available at: https://www.afr.com/brand/chanticleer/the-death-of-the-oligopoly-australias-incumbents-face-new-rivals-20150421-1mq11b[Accessed 11 05 2016]. Wall, A., 2014. Supermarket wars a tale of the Australian duopoly. [Online] Available at: https://foodmag.com.au/supermarket-wars-a-tale-of-the-australian-duopoly/ [Accessed 28 04 2016]. Welch, P. Welch, G., 2009. Economics: Theory and Practice. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Wetzstein, M., 2013. Microeconomic Theory: Concepts and Connections. Abington: Routledge. Yeats, C., 2015. Competition, rising costs, regulation: why Australian banks are finding it tough. [Online] Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/banking-and-finance/competition-rising-costs-regulation-why-australian-banks-are-finding-it-tough-20150507-ggw6cw.html[Accessed 11 05 2016].

Montessori Method and Child free essay sample

For us to denote the nature of intelligence, we should dwell upon what it means. The concept of intelligence has been explored by different disciplines and scientific movements since many years ago. Despite this, even today, that noble experimental research has been conducted and different theories have appeared around the meaning of intelligence, it is almost impossible for the majority of scientists to consent to a definition about such an abstract notion. Even a traditional determination of the intelligence as the capacity of mental development through experience is conditionally accepted. For me, intelligence is the ability to think, reason and understand instead of doing things automatically or by instinct. So, all theories agree that intelligence is the ability of the human mind. Moreover, intelligence is not fixed at birth as well as it does not deteriorate with age. It can, and should be developed throughout life from childhood to old age. We will write a custom essay sample on Montessori Method and Child or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Naturally, the question is how to develop these skills. Of course, increasing our knowledge in a particular area, we develop our intellectual abilities. Day after day, acquiring new information, we analyze it, make certain conclusions, thereby increasing our level of intelligence. Phoebe Child once said, â€Å"Thought is his human birthright, all education aims at helping the individual to think clearly about them instead of half-knowing things all in a muddle.† With this, whether we believe that intelligence is genetic or produced by environment, we have to further it by education. Intelligence is built upon by experiences and thought processes. Sensorial impressions of childs environment are not the same as sensorial education. Impressions are feelings and not an intellectual building block. The human mind needs information to discriminate and appreciate its culture, art, music, poetry, reading and all aspects of the environment. Maria Montessori believed in a necessary relationship between children and their environment and that the children must have a properly prepared environment if they are to fully-develop their unique human potentials. â€Å"The training of the senses must begin in the formative period of life if we wish to perfect them through education and make use of them in any particular human  skill.†(Maria Montessori, The Discovery of the Child, Pg. 147). In this, the Montessori materials are designed to help the childs mind develop the necessary skills for later intellectual learning. Sensorial materials provide a particular purpose and focus. It includes using the childs hands, senses, and spontaneous activity. When a young child sees something new and exciting, he or she will want to touch the object. Young children will grab a new kitten and hold it immediately. They want to feel the reality of the object. This education is not an exercise to sharpen the senses, but to allow a child to use his or her senses to understand what he or she sees. The first lessons present contrasted sensory materials and then graded materials. This teaches concepts of comparing and contrasting. For example, the first colors introduced are the primary colors, which are the most distinct on the color chart. Red, blue, and yellow are introduced then shades and combinations are later introduced to grade by shades. This is the beginning of the development of the child’s intellect and it is brought about by the intelligence working in a concentrated way on the impressions given by the senses. Education is used to tap the young childs mind of absorbed information from the first 3 years of life. The information at this point is a sea of impressions in the unconscious mind. As a child works further the young mind becomes aware of concepts of size, color, weight, quantity and so on. When the differences are clear, the names are introduced to describe these concepts. Montessori builds on concept upon concept. Nothing is left to chance learning. There is an order and sequence to the materials presented. Montessoris sensorial approach helps a child categorize and use his vast amount of subconscious knowledge in his or her surroundings. It is a key that unlocks the door of the mind. All children go through a period of time in which they centralize all their attention on one aspect of their environment and exclude everything else. It is a time of intense concentration and mental activity on developing a  particular skill at that particular time, age or phase in growth. It is driven unconsciously by an inner force which we can see when a child repeatedly does one activity with such conviction that it seems as if nothing can deter him until he accomplishes that task. â€Å"†¦Instances of a concentration reaching insensibility to the outer world were not usual, I noticed a peculiar behaviour that was common to all, and practically the rule in all they did- the special characteristic of child work, which I later called ‘repetition of the exercise’.† [1. Maria Montessori, The Secret of Childhood, Pg. 125] There is predetermined psychic pattern that molds the unique emotional and intellectual qualities of each child. These qualities develop through what Dr. Montessori referred to as the sensitive periods†. A sensitive period refers to â€Å"a special sensibility which a creature acquires in its infantile state (Montessori, 1966, p.38). Such sensitive periods were first discovered in insects by the Dutch scientist Hugo de Vries, but according to Montessori, can also be found in children and are very important to consider in teaching. Sensitive periods are characterized by observable behaviors such as an activity being irresistible for a child once he or she starts it. A passionate interest can develop and the same activity is often returned to time and again. I have noticed how three-year-olds for example love to wash their hands, whereas ten-year-olds do not. Montessori observed 6 sensitive periods in a childs life. These sensitive periods are not consecutive; some overlap and some are continuous. These periods are: sensitivity to order, learning through their five senses, sensitivity to small objects, sensitivity to coordination of movement, sensitivity to language and sensitivity to social aspect of life. Sensitivity to order is when the child needs a precise and determined environment which can be seen when the child shows satisfaction in seeing things in their proper places. The presence of this sensitive period however, is even more evident when the order is somehow interfered with. For aexample when a child worries upon seeing a pair of shoes placed unusually on a table. The child then only became calm after removing the objects. Other relevant cases especially in a Montessori school prove that when we put an object out of place, it can agitate a child’s pattern of memory as how the objects in the certain environment are arranged. Learning through five senses is when the child takes in information about the world through his senses. It is believed that in order to develop a child’s mind, he must have objects in his environment wherein he can see and manipulate through his hands and even hear what is supposed to be heard. Every child’s actions are from his own will for development and not just a random choice. Sensitivity to small objects is when a child takes an interest in manipulating very small objects. I remember one time when I was still working as a kindergarten teacher in China, we had a children’s day celebration in a park with all our students. During that time, I was with the young baby class aged 2 to 2  ½ yrs old, they suddenly noticed a small bird’s nest with three eggs on it which was then on the grasses behind a pine tree. All of them curiously looked closely to it. They didn’t even bother how the whole park looked beautifully during spring time. I believe that during this period, it is an important development to widen their observation and let them concentrate on a specific object or a situation. Sensitivity to coordination of movement is when the child is able to develop his fine and gross motor skills. The environment that we prepare for them provides opportunities in developing their fine and gross motor skills. The activities must also be repeated in order for them to have a refined skills and purposeful motor activity. I believe that when we let the child go for an outdoor activity, this will likely help this sensitive period a fruitful one. Sensitivity to language is when a child at this early age can pick up language of his environment. One good example is my friend’s two cousins. One of them grew up in the Philippines while the other one grew up in China. Circumstances are the siblings have to grow separately from each other since their parents got separated. Both children ended up adapting to their environment’s spoken language. Children at an early age can easily pick up language unlike us adults. Sensitivity to social aspect is when the child puts attention to other children of his own age. It is known that children are also good imitators that most of the times they tend to copy their peer’s actions or their teachers and parents actions. In this stage the child also learns to be affectionate and develop a sense of belongingness. In this, we must not deprive the child to be sociable or else they will become unfriendly or unsociable. Each sensitive period is a transient disposition and is limited to the acquisition of a particular trait (Montessori, 1966, p.38). Once the sensitive period is over, the sensibility disappears due to the fact that the development of the brain has progressed past the point at which specific information is absorbed. Although all children experience the same sensitive periods, the sequence and timing vary for each child. One role of the teacher is to use observation to detect times of sensitivity and provide the setting and materials for optimum fulfillment. Montessori believed that children learn best in a prepared environment, a place in which children can do things for themselves. Our classrooms are filled with child-sized shelves full of interesting learning materials that are available to children in an orderly and systematic format. Since children within the environment are free to explore materials of their own choosing, they absorb what they find there. We strive to create an environment for young children that enable them to be independent and active. Montessori understood that the intellectual activity was a manual, active approach. It came from observing her students and is contrary to adult methods of teaching and learning. The materials are three dimensional and real. Montessori at this stage did not use pictures for teaching sensorial concepts, she believed that children wanted to see and feel the real objects. Usually the pink tower is introduced at age 2  ½ onwards. After the child has successfully done the tower, he has learned several things: difference in sizes and weight, how to hold his or her fingers with the small cubes, how to grasp the largest cube, controlling arms and fingers so that tower doesnt fall, and has the good feeling of completing the task. Muscular skill, intellectual and character development combined as a whole for the child when using Montessori sensorial education. Other activities, such as the broad stairs and the long rods are introduced after the pink tower. A much more complicated exercise is that of the cylinders. The geometric shapes are introduced. All of these activities are with 3 dimensional objects that help with eye-hand coordination and provide a concept of size and shapes for later learning. Concentration is a by-product of a child learning with his or her hands. During the ages 3 to 6 the hands are the busiest of all. The equipment provides an intellectual education that will help a child eventually acquire his or her culture. What is interesting is that the child really learns about the environment through his senses, without them it would not be possible to learn from the materials of practical life, language or mathematics. Sensorial education provides an indirect foundation for other curriculum areas. For example, the Montessori bells are used for auditory discrimination, but also later can be used for musical interest. The red rods are used before the number rods as introduction to mathematics. The binomial and trinomial cubes are physical representations of algebraic equations. The color boxes provide a foundation for art. All of the activities introduce language to describe the world (e.g. thick/thin, names of colors, light/dark, rough/smooth, etc.) Sensorial education is very important because it helps to fine-tune the various senses to aid in future professions. Montessori talks about the importance of a cook being able to smell the difference between fresh and tainted food, or a doctor being able to hear the slightest irregularity in a heartbeat. Sensorial education helps refine the senses so that the child can better appreciate the world around him. He learns different colors, sounds, tastes, textures, etc. It increases his desire to explore his world and allows him to constructively categorize all that he encounters. In summary, the child should be given freedom of choice in doing the activities and be a master of his own environment whereas the teacher should crush his ego and play a passive role to become the bridge between the environment and the child. We must put into our minds that sensorial education is the foundation of the Montessori curriculum because it has an effect on the whole personality of a person. Bibliography MMI-Course Manual Maria Montessori-The Discovery of the Child Maria Montessori-The Secret of Childhood www.montessorimom.com/what-sensorial-education http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montessori_method Additional Notes The Sensorial materials are specially designed to train the senses separately and are divided into seven groups: Visual sense see Tactile sense touch Auditory sense hear Gustatory sense taste Olfactory sense smell Thermic sense heat Stereognostic sense solid feel The sensorial materials are sets of objects designed to educate the senses. In addition, and perhaps even more important, they also appear to assist the childs concentration, ability to make judgments, move with purpose. Maria Montessori was greatly influenced by the ideas of his two predecessors –  Jean Itard and Edouard Sequin. She took the idea of introducing didactic materials and the three period name lessons to the child in Sensorial curriculum from Seguin. In fact, it was Seguin who first followed the scientific method of teaching, which was later adopted by Dr. Montessori in a more concise and modified form. She also took the idea of isolating one sense. â€Å"The sensorial materials establish a solid basis for the language and mathematical materials to follow. Materials introducing literacy and numeracy (numerical understanding) to the children do not represent subject matter for the children to â€Å"learn† in the usual sense. When feasible the sensorial materials are composed of sets ten objects, giving the children an indirect exposure to the basis of the decimal system. They also represent basic measurement designations and geometrical shapes. Ten rods represent variations in length, ranging from decimeter to a meter. A hexagonal box shows that a hexagon can be made of equilateral triangles, trapezoids and rhombi.† Moreover, sensorial exercises help to bring order to the childs perceptions by isolating the various qualities. The child will, for example, gain an understanding of large small through work with the Pink Tower. The child learns, through physical manipulation of the materials, the concepts of large, small, heavy, light, thick, thin, loud, soft, shapes, smells, etc. The Sensorial exercises also offer training in muscular memory and help the child to develop co-ordination of precise movements. Understanding how to conduct a three period lesson is fundamental to Montessori teaching. Teachers begin using the Three Period lesson when introducing sensorial material. It is initially used to teach properties such as size but is also effective in using geometric names for shapes or so. It is a simple tool for the teacher to use and an effective learning procedure for the child. Allow the child to use the material for several times before introducing the name of the particular concept for him to build a rich and expensive vocabulary. The Sensorial Activities are the keys to form the basis for abstract thinking.

Tourism planning and development Essays

Tourism planning and development Essays Tourism planning and development Essay Tourism planning and development Essay Visions and ends of Croatia? One of Croatia s chief ends is the accession to the European Union. This end is besides referred to the touristry and travel industry because it would assist Croatia to set up a new image and to rush up the whole station war Reconstruction procedure that should set up the Croatian trade name on the market. Another end of Croatia is the recovery of the travel and touristry demand that has decreased after the war in 1990. The end of Croatia is besides to spread out and restitute touristic substructures which are one of the biggest challenges for Croatia at this minute ; sweetening of the merchandise and service quality, and besides to duplicate the GDP. Croatia has the end to foreground the strategic importance of travel and industry, develop the human capital required for touristic expand, promote unfastened markets, match public and private substructure to client demand, increase technological development in the travel and touristry sector and to advance and protect the natural, cult ural and societal environments. The vision of Croatia is to go a sustainable tourer finish that is utilizing its potency to the upper limit and to agitate the current image of a low cost finish and to warrant the slogan Croatia-the Mediterranean as it one time was . Rivals of Croatia? The chief rivals of Croatia are: Spain, Italy, Turkey and Greece. But, in the competition group we can besides include France, Tunisia, Austria, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Malta, Poland, Romania and Slovenia, but these states have a smaller competition consequence on Croatia comparing to the first four states mentioned. Croatia is a really specific state because every part offers different male monarch of attractive forces, activities, adjustment, amusement etc. Croatia s biggest advantage over these rivals is the beauty of the seashore and islands ; clean sea H2O, warm clime and the untasted traditional civilization. Critical Components for the development and execution of Croatia s touristry industry? For Croatia in order to accomplish the prognosiss or even to be better and to transcend the prognosiss there are some cardinal factors or constituents that have to be satisfied and implemented. In the first topographic point they include a favourable authorities and financial policy, a clime that is making a positive consequence on the concern offering inducements for investing, a effectual selling and publicity scheme, and besides environmental friendly political relations. Long-run programs have to be developed that are clearly defined and they must be the counsel to the national and local populace and private sector. These sorts of programs should be developed in audience with all the stakeholders. Planning and selling is indispensable for the hereafter development of Croatia s travel and touristry industry. Croatia as a touristic finish should pull new investors and by that manner integrated new markets. Macro A ; Micro Environment Concerns for Croatia In the footings of the macro environment, the Croatian Government should attach to go and tourism strategic precedence and to implement that in the policies for employment, trade, investing, instruction, and environmental protection. The strategic importance of travel and touristry should be communicated to all degrees of the local communities, and the authorities industry. All the authorities sections that are connected or affected by travel and touristry should be involved in developing and implementing national touristry policy. In the footings of the micro environment, the authorities is at that place to guarantee the conditions for the market assurance and sustainable development. Power is being decentralized to the local authoritiess, while the engagement and influence of the private sectors is increasing the procedure. There are several precedences such as the acceleration and expand of denationalization in more sectors of travel and touristry runing from transit and investing . Analysis of Croatia s touristry industry The major beginnings in footings of reachings in Croatia were Germany, the domestic Croatian market, Czech Republic and Austria. There was a changeless addition of foreign and domestic reachings from the twelvemonth 2002. Croatia s touristry industry is characterized by a high seasonality of demand. The peak months of the season ( July and August ) generate more than 65 % of all overnights and 54 % of reachings. During the winter season runing from October to March Croatian touristry industry is bring forthing 5 % of overnights and 11 % reachings. Independent travel of tourers is present in Croatia ; more than 69 % . A positive thing for Croatians touristic industry is the repetition concern. Almost 64 % of foreign visitants have already visited Croatia for at least two times. Domestic tourers are besides really of import for Croatia because they make 17 % of reachings and 12 % of overnights. A large strength for the Croatian touristry industry is the fact that 91.1 % of visitants ar e for the remainder A ; relax by the seaside grounds in Croatia ; 36, 1 % for pleasance and merriment and 32.5 % are sing natural attractive forces. Croatia has in entire 722.525 beds and bivouacing topographic points. There are 419 hotels with 49,380 suites and 6,286 suites are located in four or five star hotels. The one-year on Croatian hotels showed that the mean tenancy in the twelvemonth 2001 was 42 % and the mean day-to-day room rate was ˆ35.50 and the hotels gross operating net income was 22 % . Appraisal of Croatia s touristry industry Hrvatska is still in the procedure of recovery from the war that stopped and slowed the development of travel and touristry. The biggest job of war was the desolation of the touristic substructure in which a big sum of money is being invested. After the war Croatia was able to retrieve its touristry industry but easy. The biggest challenge now is to make and advance new competitory advantages. Croatia has a alone landscape with over 1000 islands, it is in a good geographical place which makes it easy accessible by land or by sea. It has a population of 4.4 million. Croatia has three typical geographical and climate parts. Croatia has diverse historical and cultural attractive forces, archaeological sites dating from Roman, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque periods. The strategic location is of major importance for Croatia because the historic Europe to Asia path is go throughing trough Croatia. Croatia has nine international airdromes, four are located on the seashore and three of them are located on islands. There is besides a big figure of little ports or local and regional importance, but there are besides six international ports in Croatia. Recommendations Croatia in fact has all the necessary natural resources for a successful touristry industry and on which new touristic merchandises can be built. New merchandise offerings have to be produced in order to pull the sophisticated clients. Diversification would guarantee the sustainable growing of the industry for the benefit of all stakeholders. There will ever be a demand for low budget touristry for those clients that ca nt afford expensive holiday and those tourers have besides to be accepted. It is of import that the market becomes cognizant of the environmental friendliness of Croatia every bit good as the alone finishs and attractive forces. That should guarantee future touristry growing, and it should assist Croatia to set up and clear up its market image.

Theme of Religion and Resistance in the Revolts of Nat Turner and Essay

Theme of Religion and Resistance in the Revolts of Nat Turner and Denmark Vesey Denmark Vesey Revolt - Essay Example Many Black slaves who lived in Charleston, South Carolina became aware of the plot. He had planned to murder the slave owners and get hold of the city and sail to Haiti after they rebelled. The revolt was reported to the slave masters by authority prior to its commencement and it was over before it even began. The upraising led to one hundred and thirty black slaves being arrested, sisxty seven people were convicted and other thirty five were hanged. Denmark was finally executed in 1822 after he was accused of plotting a slave rebellion. The Nat Turner rebellion is known as the most major incident of the Black rebellion against slavery in the South. Nat Turner was a black slave himself and he led an upraising in the Virginia, Southampton. A solar eclipse had occurred in February 1831 which Turner saw as the revelation for slave rebellion. Another eclipse occurred in August and Turner considered it as the final revelation. The revolt began in August, 21 when slaves went to each house freeing fellow slaves and murdering all white slave owners and their families whom they encountered. The revolt took two days and by the end about fifty seven white people were killed. Nat turner was arrested by the authorities on October 30, a week after he brought to trial and by November 11, he was executed.

Two creation story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Two creation story - Essay Example ristian creation stories proves that the former deals with the philosophical aspect of life and the latter deals with the practical aspect of life, and the both can help human beings to view life in today’s society from a different but positive angle of view. As pointed out, the creation stories related to Hinduism deals with the philosophical side of life. To be specific, the Hindu idea is interconnected with the belief that human beings belong to pure consciousness. This pure consciousness is beyond creation and is not destroyable. On the other side, the Christian creation story is based upon a single text, named as Holy Bible. To be specific, the creation narrative (say, the Genesis) is the fundamental principle of Christian creation theory. But the Hindu creation story is based on the belief that all living things share the same pure consciousness. Jim Ollhoff stated that, â€Å"In Indian mythology, some gods come to earth in the form of people, animals, or even other gods† (4). If an individual is not ready to go beyond the limits of the material world, that individual will be forced to undergo rebirth. So, individuals must try to break this cyclic process and they can attain the pure consciousness/eternal freedom or ‘M oksa’. In the Bible, the God’s direct role is pointed out as the base of creation of the world as a whole. For instance, the God took around six days to create everything. In the end, the God decided to create human beings as an experiment. David Adams Leeming stated that, â€Å"It contains the creation myth that forms the basis of the Judeo-Christian tradition† (126). This sort of creation myth-based upon six days-is seen among different religious groups. On the other side, the Hindu creation story does not decline the fact that the Earth was created before millions or billions of years ago. Besides, Hindu creation story is based upon the God’s role in creating human beings and other living things. Similarly, Hindu mythology is of

Through a Smokers Eye Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Through a Smokers Eye - Essay Example As King puts into perspective, smokers face a series of problems including discrimination and stereotypic classification. Evidently, the personal experience mixed with reality make smoking a nightmare for various smokers (King, 1990). These aspects create the need for persuasion in the narration. Indeed, the argument stands out, as it captures the important elements of smoking, making sure that social, economic, and cultural context gets to light. By first introducing the negative aspect of smoking, King tries to capture the attention of readers. She discusses the hatred for smokers in such a way that anybody reading the article can immediately develop negativity. On the other hand, she discusses non-smoking relating the behavior to Medicare, social security, and hazardous materials. According to the article, non-smokers die at a younger age as compared to smokers. King, who is the speaker attains persona credibility through individual stories and experience. For example, King’s mother was a smoker surrounded by an environment of pure smokers. Evidently, her mother entertained the behavior despite being pregnant. From this perspective, the king started having the effects of smoking in the womb. She implies that there are limited effects of smoking on pregnant mothers. In as much as this is not true in the real world, the story brings it close to reality. For example, she was born without any defects suggesting no damaging effects of smoking. Although the assumption might hold water, fortune cannot be replaced with the real effects of smoking (King, 1990). Arguably, the pleasure of smoking seems to overcome all activities in the story. It does not only replace kissing but also sex. Despite the concerted efforts to convince readers of the smoking benefits, she also recognizes the autonomy of interests. The communication structure constitut es historical context, local examples, and ethical conditions surrounding smoking. In as much as many people know that smoking has a series of problems, a glance at the article can change the perception. The nature communication points out to a creative and imaginative author with the ability to relay current events. Certainly, King’s message comes from a culture of social constraints and poverty (King, 1990). For instance, how does a pregnant woman smoke with the knowledge that it might affect her child? The illogical argument points out to lack of education and ignorance despite the prudent support for the behavior. Most importantly, the use of America and immigrants points back to the time of primitivism characterized by lack of information and education. Â   Â  

Management In Hsbc Uk Plc Management Essay

Management In Hsbc Uk Plc Management Essay Leadership is one of the complex roles in the corporate society, it is a complete connection of power and management .Leadership and Management are the two branches of one tree, where management is more related to goal or result driven practices and whereas the leadership is to take with the employment driven work. Therefore leadership and management both are requiring to give a company is effective foundation. Leadership is more of an individual power, whereas the management is to understand the requirements of the employees and get them satisfaction in achievements. Leadership can be explained with few theories .in the following sections it will briefly described: Transformational Theory (Leadership Style) Transactional Theory (Management Style) HSBC UK PLC is been very clear toward its way its treat its customer, owners and shareholders. The leadership in HSBC is not only providing stable environment for the employees but also for the communities .HSBC key principle is key business value The way the management work is to get and deliver the best. To expect and demand the best result from the employees. The leadership in HSBC has four main pillars, which has not only made them very competitive but also highly motivated. The four pillars of HSBC are following: COMMITMENTS LOYALTY HARDWORK INTEGRITY HSBC has a clear view of the outcome from the employee .HSBC UK PLC believe in high productivity through highly committed team. The team in HSBC will always be very productive ,loyal to the company and highly professional.Therfore the steps taken by the management and the team leaders are well supported by the team members and well appreciated it not only that they feel sense of achievement in their respective work. HSBC has a transparent process for the team members to provide them support in the work by listening and then getting feedback from them. Thus through this leadership style there is an absolute increase the performance and day to day productivity. In the following parts of the report it is the purpose to provide elaborate analysis of the factors affecting the leadership and management style in HSBC UK PLC. ANALYSIS OF THE LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT STYLES IN THE HSBC UK PLC The time and the decade we living in right now is very fascinating as there is so much changing, when there is everything being asked for a reason, challenging environment. Where the long history of banks culture and ideas has been brought to the table and been re-think and turned. Most of the issues are been co-related to the leadership style, there is a big relation between a company progress and the leadership style they adapt. At the moment HSBC is been facing so much challenges, where there is a huge uncertainties and great risk in everything. The current environment has so many challenges with European debt and future of euro fading. There are largely necessary action has been taken by the HSBC to resolve things and to make it less volatile. These effect the key role of the leadership and management in HSBC ,with so many challenges comes every day to them, its hard for a leader in HSBC to make decision which will not only affects its position in market but also stockholders. Currently the leadership style is to follow the mood of the public rather than taking a survey of them, they giving them what they like .The current situation is to play with the emotions with the public and hence getting the results . They are few key things which a leader and management in HSBC UK PLC have particular influences: Stockholders FSA(Financial Service Authority) Customers Staff Environment/ politics The stockholders are been equally take care of and also the regulators has been given enough details of the operations. It has helped them to create equity and security for a disaster time, the key area of management in HSBC UK is to reduce the risk equality in each case. Where they can increase liquidity and decrease the toxic assets. There are few hurdles also but with the right management and leadership going on it wont be talk of the past soon. Though they are few points mentioning which included giving out more information to each staff, so that they can become more expertise about the field and can reduce risk and not to forget the important part is to check the stress of the employee with the HSBC UK history. It has always given priority to its employee though few more points like communication and transparency between the team is equally essential. It has a become a primary goal of the leaders and management in HSBC UK to constrain the problems and deal it with more critical and suitable way. The objective has become more growth oriented and need adequate support of each employee. CRITICAL EVALUATION OF LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT IN HSBC UK PLC HSBC UK PLC was first incorporated in England and wales in 1990 and its headquarter is here in London since 1993.The headquarters was in Hong Kong before till 1992 when it was forced to move out because of acquisition with in recent past it has acquired few acquisitions in china getting its few connection back. In the year 2002 it came up with a campaign which has USP with its all competitors The world local bank. HSBC PLC has around 1000 branches throughout uk and also have presence in Ireland and wales.HSBC also is the first bank in uk to provide assistance in lending with Islamic law of sharia ,which doesnt allow the bank to charge any interest which is called HSBC AMANAH . During all these operation and function leaders and management has a critical role to play. They have to go through various factors. In this we are going to talk about the two factors: Internal Elements External Elements INTERNAL ELEMENTS In HSBC UK PLC it is been affected with the internal factors, which has employees, team leaders and the culture with the office. There are other factors too but as a leaders and management there are few specific factors which affects them. These are the following elements: Corporate culture within the office Policies Ethics Structures CORPORATE CULTURE: In HSBC is move of value and beliefs that they want everyone to commit. As mentioned before the HSBC like to keep the best employee and treat them as family. The culture in HSBC is to support and understand the employee also to give them the opportunity to grow there carrier, they also have high rate modality in which performance is based on. POLICIES: The leaders and managements makes sure that the policies been driven by the company are clearly symbolization of their culture. The management in HSBC has always made sure that there policies are very transparent and each and every product should be designed in such a way that it is very easy, understandable and fair for customers. ETHICS: In HSBC the leaders take ethics way of controlling and stabilizing the bank values and beliefs. The leadership style is much more and everyone gets to say there ideas, They believe in brainstorming to get better results which will not only bring efficiency in the results but also marks the personality of the employee. STRUCTURE : The structure in HSBC UK PLC is quite higharchial .The leaders and management decides how much and what kind of information will be passed through the organisation and also determines the responsibility of each departments and there responsibility and who is responsible in making decisions .Though it has very horizontal structure. The management has always helps the employee to get better out in the competition of best or the survival of the fittest. EXTERNAL ELEMENTS : In HSBC UK PLC external elements are factors that influence the decisions of the leaders and managements in the bank. It also depends upon the success of their hard work. External elements can be break down into following: TECHNOLOGY POLITICS CURRENT ECONOMY COMPETETIONS In HSBC UK PLC technology is the main stream to connect with customers also it helps them provide better service. The leaders in HSBC UK PLC has made sure they are always up to date with the technology .Therefore the customers can access to all services, the online banking systems with also password protected keypads is a great example of the technology used by HSBC UK PLC. The HSBC UK PLC has grown so much in past years and it has so much more to do and to achieve that it also has to go through regulation, which are been govern by FSA .FSA has very very strict regulation and legal framework with which HSBC is been following through there is been news that in some of the countries there is been some illegal activities but for which HSBC has put up investigation on tithe HSBC UK PLC policies and terms has been drawn in taking government regulation in Banking. Economy is also has a huge influence in HSBC UK Plc., the inflation, adverse effect worldwide has strong impact on the organistaion.The interest rate has great effect on UK, which also brings all uncertainties in the final outcomes of HSBC UK PLC results but with all these conditions HSBC UK PLC has to take all its competition from all banks, which at the moment HSBC UK PLC leaders and management has made good deal and produce very good results. CONCLUSIONS From the finding and analysis it can be concluded that leadership and management in HSBC UK PLC is most essential and strongest bond that has hold it in banking and financial organisation world. It has moved to all over to UK and operates a full service bank, with really effective and efficient leadership and quality managements the value and beliefs has been driven tremendously brilliant .The higharchy in the bank has also given a sense of satisfaction and feeling of loyalty toward the company. The employee has work very effectively and hence producing great result. The HSBC UK PLC has done their job very well in keeping company aims, vision, goals and objectives alive. There is uniqueness in leadership and management in HSBC UK PLC that is they always think of future and they are very sustainable about their future here, starting from small to large business investments. Therefore with growing completion and challenges the HSBC leadership needs to be connected to the inside operation of the company. Eventually it will affect the outcome of the organisation. It is also important for the leaders to manage more on employees by keeping them informed but also giving them more knowledge about global industry .By doing this the management will have more knowledge about their employee and can giving exact decision of what to be done for the employee to keep them motivated and satisfied and as mentioned above the culture will play a crucial part in defining efficiency of organisation. HSBC UK plc. is a garden of different beautiful culture ,if it not been passed orderly it could result in disaster .Therefore proper action should be taken that employee from the different culture are taken seriously. Hence the HSBC UK PLC will improve its position and sustainability.

America In The Popular Imagination :: essays research papers

Twenty-one years ago, a spectacular film was made by an incredible director of the highly acclaimed film, "Badlands". The movie, "Days of Heaven" directed by Terrence Malick is a movie that shows the confusion of one woman, trying to figure out whom she loves. The movie stars Richard Gere as Bill and Sam Shepard as a rich, handsome, Texan farmer, the two men Brooke Adams as Abby falls in love with. Linda Manz plays Linda, Bill's sister and the narrator, in the story.Terrence Malick was born in Waco, Texas, which probably influenced him to make his first two films, "Badlands" and "Days of Heaven". Both share a theme of pariahs in the mid American wilderness, who are on the run from the law.The late seventies and early eighties were about getting ahead, however you could, no matter whom you had to step on, never worrying that you could get caught. This is reflected when Bill wants Abby to pretend that she is in love with the farmer. When Abby marries the farmer, Bill and Linda move in with them. Linda says "The rich got it all figured out". She means that when she was poor, she was considered replaceable and unimportant. When working in the fields, she says "If you don't work, they'll ship you right out of there; they don't need you; they can always find someone else." As a rich person, and a part of the upper class, she has fun with her life, and doesn't worry about what is going on."Days of Heaven" is about getting into a higher class. It starts when Bill punches his boss and needs to get a new job. He, his younger sister, Linda, and his lover, Abby, become sharecroppers on a farm in Texas, owned by a handsome young man. Bill and Abby pretend to be brother and sister, because they don't want people to know. Linda says "They told everyone they were brother and sister... You know how people are... you tell them something, they start talking". Bill is accused by a fellow sharecropper of being to close with his "sister" and they got into a fight because Bill was very defensive about that. Linda makes a friend with an older woman on the farm and they play in the fields. Bill overhears a doctor diagnose the handsome young farmer with a disease and one year to live.

What Does Patriotism Mean to Me

The very definition of patriotism cannot simply be defined by a dictionary. In fact, no two people you meet will have the same explanation of what it means to them. From America’s Founding Fathers to courageous everyday heroes serving in our military at home and overseas, patriotism fills their hearts with the will to protect our country’s freedom. Patriotism is an immeasurable personal characteristic shown by unselfish acts in which a person serves their country and its people.I believe love for all people is why Neil Armstrong stated the infamous phrase, â€Å"One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. † However, planting the US flag gave every engineer, fellow astronauts and millions of citizens on earth, an overflowing sense of pride to be an American. This act of not only symbolizes we were the first nation to visit the moon, but unified a patriotic spirit held deep inside us all. In my opinion, Mr. Armstrong recognizing the efforts of everyone at N ASA and the support of all Americans in one sentence was genius, and very patriotic.During World War II, there was a vast shortage of workers needed to produce munitions supplies to help the Allies win the war. Out of love for their men put in harm’s way, millions of women stepped up answering the call for their country. This grueling hard skilled labor included building ships, aircraft, vehicles and weaponry. What would you call the desire which filled their hearts, giving them strength and bravery to do so called man’s work?I would declare these women were just as patriotic as the 400,000 women served in the armed forces and 460 who lost their lives. Patriotism is in all our hearts, which is where I think â€Å"Red-Blooded Americans† clichà ©, must derive. From early colonists fighting the tyranny of England rule to fallen well known-veterans like Pat Tillman, they were driven by a common bond. You and I may not realize it within ourselves, but the most unsel fish act for one’s country or fellow people, can awaken the patriotism in all of us. What Does Patriotism Mean to Me The very definition of patriotism cannot simply be defined by a dictionary. In fact, no two people you meet will have the same explanation of what it means to them. From America’s Founding Fathers to courageous everyday heroes serving in our military at home and overseas, patriotism fills their hearts with the will to protect our country’s freedom. Patriotism is an immeasurable personal characteristic shown by unselfish acts in which a person serves their country and its people.I believe love for all people is why Neil Armstrong stated the infamous phrase, â€Å"One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.† However, planting the US flag gave every engineer, fellow astronauts and millions of citizens on earth, an overflowing sense of pride to be an American. This act of not only symbolizes we were the first nation to visit the moon, but unified a patriotic spirit held deep inside us all. In my opinion, Mr. Armstrong recognizing the efforts of everyone at NA SA and the support of all Americans in one sentence was genius, and very patriotic.During World War II, there was a vast shortage of workers needed to produce munitions supplies to help the Allies win the war. Out of love for their men put in harm’s way, millions of women stepped up answering the call for their country. This grueling hard skilled labor included building ships, aircraft, vehicles and weaponry. What would you call the desire which filled their hearts, giving them strength and bravery to do so called man’s work?I would declare these women were just as patriotic as the 400,000 women served in the armed forces and 460 who lost their lives. Patriotism is in all our hearts, which is where I think â€Å"Red-Blooded Americans† clichà ©, must derive. From early colonists fighting the tyranny of England rule to fallen well known-veterans like Pat Tillman, they were driven by a common bond. You and I may not realize it within ourselves, but the most unself ish act for one’s country or fellow people, can awaken the patriotism in all of us.

Compare and Contrast Essay Sample on Hinduism and Buddhism

Compare and Contrast Essay Sample on Hinduism and Buddhism From egotism, force, pride,// Desire, wrath, and possession// Freed, unselfish, calmed,// He is fit for becoming Brahman (Bhagavad Gita XVIII.53). Hinduism and Buddhism are two of the worlds greatest and most influential religions. Both of these religions arose in South Asia, and thus stem from a similar philosophy and culture. While contrasting greatly with the monotheistic religions of the West, Hinduism and Buddhism also contrast greatly with each other. Although similar in respect to general philosophy, Hinduism and Buddhism differ greatly on matters of social structure. The two religions also contrast because Hinduism omits and Buddhism emphasizes individual freedom to progress spiritually and socially in the current life. By comparing the two religions, one can easily see why it is that Hinduism has proved the more stable and Buddhism the more humanitarian philosophy. Both Hinduism and Buddhism are more philosophical than religious. Both describe an all-encompassing philosophy and define existence itself. For instance, the essential Hindu concept defining the individual and his responsibilities is dharma. A convoluted term, dharma is a sense of obligation. One must fulfill his roles in society and the world. Such responsibilities include reproduction and caste duties, but extend into the philosophical realm of peaceful and humble acceptance of ones position. Dharma defines correct living for a Hindu. Buddhism has a similar concept, dhamma (note even the linguistic similarity). Dhamma does not imply specific biological or social obligations, but maintains a comparable philosophical construct. The Buddhist definition of right conduct and personal obligation, dhamma is the path which must be taken to escape the suffering of worldly life. Other similarities between Hinduism and Buddhism are more apparent. Both religions maintain a broad perspective of religious worship. Hinduism is polytheistic while Buddhism maintains no structured belief in an independent, sentient god-like entity (especially in human form). Either of these concepts yields a malleable religion which can adjust and conform to local tradition and fluctuations in intellectual and spiritual thought. Both religions believe in a system of reincarnation, and both religions emphasize the community over the self. The major rift between the two religions seems to stem from the role of social structure in the two religions. Hinduisms caste system perpetuates a fatalism and apathy toward social rights and advancement while reinforcing the ruling establishment. Buddhism concentrates on the individuals release from suffering, implying no overriding social definition. The outstanding example of Hinduisms establishment tendencies is the caste system. The caste system divides the Hindu people into four major classes, Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, and untouchables, or people outside of all the classes. Members of certain castes have certain duties. Caste is determined by birth, allowing no social advancement, career choice, or individual freedom. The castes are socially ranked, forming an upper social division as well as lower ones. Caste, then, determines ones profession, ones potential education, ones social position, even defining these limitations for your children. These social limitations are reinforced by the concept that caste is determined by sins or virtues in a previous life: how well one fulfilled his dharma in the past. The responsibilities of ones current caste also constitute the dharma which will further advance or punish one in your next life. In other words, exceeding ones dharma in not only unnecessary, but in all probab ility will hurt your dharma, causing you to fall into a lower caste in your next life. This intertwining of social strata with religion creates a fatalism derived from inevitable destiny, guilt complexes of past life caste determination, a philosophy of acceptance, and fear of punishment for transcending ones dharma. In this light, Hinduism becomes a tremendous force for stagnation, eliminating the initiative for progress in a philosophy of acceptance which breeds an apathy for social justice. Such a pervasive philosophy becomes an asset to the status quo and ruling stratum, stabilizing the social structure at the expense of individuals. Buddhism, on the other hand, plays little role in the social or political structure of a society. Buddhism actually began as a reaction to the violence of Hindu society, including the brutality of the caste system. Buddhism concentrates not on the society, but on the individual, thus divorcing religion from the interests of the ruling stratum. The pessimism of Hindu reincarnation is replaced by a more optimistic and less fatalistic cycle. One is no longer born into a position due to past inequities. Although Buddhism does see life as pain and suffering and reincarnation as a renewal of this suffering, there is a potential escape. If one renounces his attachment to desire and self, Nirvana, or escape from the cycles of suffering, is possible. The most important aspect of Nirvana, however, is its unrestricted access to people of any social background. In other words, although a Hindu untouchable cannot possibly advance in this life through any extraordinary effort of his own, any Buddh ist can achieve Nirvana through the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, realizations of the essence of suffering and the methods to remove all suffering. Buddhism also seems to be less ritualistic and deity-dependent than Hinduism. Cultures across the world have created man-shaped gods to emphasize the dignity and purpose of human existence. In my opinion, this shows an emotional dependency which flaws a religious philosophy. If a religion is created to emotionally satisfy its followers, it seems to contain less truth or philosophical rightness. I believe this is the case with Hinduism. While Hinduism has man shaped gods to emphasize human dignity, Buddhism manages to instill a respect for humanity through the intellectual and spiritual capacity of man. This is evidenced by the supreme respect Buddhist have for those who achieve Nirvana, quasi-deifying these men, recognizing their superhuman wisdom and spirit while refusing to attribute them supernatural properties. The lack of an artificial diety to instill purpose in a religions followers makes Buddhism significantly different, and more advanced, than Hinduism. An especially important indicator of the contrast between Hinduism and Buddhism arises in their historical relationship. Buddhism, of course, arose as a reform movement out of Hinduism. This in itself tends to put Buddhism in a more positive light as the religion that integrated Hindu beliefs while excluding the most negative aspects of Hinduism. This turns out to be the case when the caste system is examined. While Hinduism not only perpetuates, but is itself the caste system, Buddhism utterly rejects any system of caste. Buddhism actually reached high levels of support during the rule of Ashoka, who adopted the Buddhist concept of ahimsa, or non violence, and its tendency toward greater equality. The attractiveness of a philosophy/religion of peace and general freedom, including a rejection of the social stigmas of caste for untouchables and lower caste members, brought thousands of converts. Again, however, the historical relationship of Hinduism and Buddhism shows the inherent ma lleability and strength of Hinduism. In order to integrate the Buddhist movement into Hinduism, the Buddha was made an avatar of Vishnu. Now even if one claimed to be a Buddhist, one could easily be dismissed as a Hindu. By erasing the demarcation between the two religions, Hinduism managed to absorb the Buddhist movement. This result shows the power of a religion so closely tied to the social structure. Because Hinduism pervaded the very fabric of society, it was able to stifle and absorb threatening philosophies. Buddhism, on the other hand, has no interest in the structural model of a society to effect similar results. Between Hinduism and Buddhism, I believe that Buddhism is more positive religion. The myths and history of Hinduism create a field of immensely greater interest than that of Buddhism. The culture of Hinduism also seems more captivating, although this is only by virtue of its distinct difference with Western class systems. Despite the draw Hinduism holds upon outsiders, Buddhism remains the more advanced religion. Whereas Hinduism represses others through caste, Buddhism projects ultimate acceptance. Both religions maintain an emphasis upon the community and a rejection of selfishness that is refreshingly different from Western religions. Although both of these religions instill respect and a genuine concern for others, Hinduism does so in a forced, repressive manner while Buddhism is more liberal. The relationship between Hinduism and Buddhism is much the same as between Catholicism and Protestantism. One can equate Catholicism with Hinduism and Protestantism with Buddhism. Protestantism grew as a reform movement out of Catholicism. The corruption, immorality, and restrictive power structure of the Catholic Church became so intolerable that Protestantism, a religion emphasizing the individuals personal relationship with the deity, was created. Protestantism offered more freedom and dignity to the people than did Catholicism. Although the religions are vastly different, Buddhism also grew out of the corruption, immorality, and restrictive power structure of Hinduism to give the people more freedom and dignity. Unfortunately, the comparison stops here since the philosophy of Protestantism did not support a selfless, dignified religion, while the very essence of Buddhism supports a selfless and dignified view of humanity. This again results from Buddhisms deemphasis on social ord er. Hinduism and Buddhism are very similar religions in comparison to the monotheistic religions of the West. On a direct comparison, however, the differences between Buddhism and Hinduism are great. Although the general tendencies of both religions lean toward the family and community, Hinduism does so at the expense of women and the lower castes while Buddhism remains more universally accepting. Both religions seem to have elements which would do the West good to learn, but only Buddhism lacks any large scale negative repercussions for its followers. On the basis of these criteria, Buddhism seems to have more positive character as a general life philosophy.